Library iris.bi.updates

From stdpp Require Import coPset.
From iris.bi Require Import interface derived_laws_later big_op plainly.
From iris.prelude Require Import options.
Import interface.bi derived_laws.bi derived_laws_later.bi.

Local Set Primitive Projections.

Set Default Proof Using "Type*".

Class BUpd (PROP : Type) : Type := bupd : PROP PROP.
Global Instance : Params (@bupd) 2 := {}.
Global Hint Mode BUpd ! : typeclass_instances.
Global Arguments bupd {_}%_type_scope {_} _%_bi_scope.
Global Typeclasses Opaque bupd.

Notation "|==> Q" := (bupd Q) : bi_scope.
Notation "P ==∗ Q" := (P -∗ |==> Q)%I : bi_scope.
Notation "P ==∗ Q" := (P -∗ |==> Q) : stdpp_scope.

Class FUpd (PROP : Type) : Type := fupd : coPset coPset PROP PROP.
Global Instance: Params (@fupd) 4 := {}.
Global Hint Mode FUpd ! : typeclass_instances.
Global Arguments fupd {_}%_type_scope {_} _ _ _%_bi_scope.
Global Typeclasses Opaque fupd.

Notation "|={ E1 , E2 }=> Q" := (fupd E1 E2 Q) : bi_scope.
Notation "P ={ E1 , E2 }=∗ Q" := (P -∗ |={E1,E2}=> Q)%I : bi_scope.
Notation "P ={ E1 , E2 }=∗ Q" := (P -∗ |={E1,E2}=> Q) : stdpp_scope.

Notation "|={ E }=> Q" := (fupd E E Q) : bi_scope.
Notation "P ={ E }=∗ Q" := (P -∗ |={E}=> Q)%I : bi_scope.
Notation "P ={ E }=∗ Q" := (P -∗ |={E}=> Q) : stdpp_scope.

Step-taking fancy updates.

These have two masks, but they are different than the two masks of a mask-changing update: in |={Eo}[Ei]▷=> Q, the first mask Eo ("outer mask") holds at the beginning and the end; the second mask Ei ("inner mask") holds around each ▷. This is also why we use a different notation than for the two masks of a mask-changing updates.
Notation "|={ Eo } [ Ei ]▷=> Q" := (|={Eo,Ei}=> |={Ei,Eo}=> Q)%I : bi_scope.
Notation "P ={ Eo } [ Ei ]▷=∗ Q" := (P -∗ |={Eo}[Ei]▷=> Q)%I : bi_scope.
Notation "P ={ Eo } [ Ei ]▷=∗ Q" := (P -∗ |={Eo}[Ei]▷=> Q) : stdpp_scope.

Notation "|={ E }▷=> Q" := (|={E}[E]▷=> Q)%I : bi_scope.
Notation "P ={ E }▷=∗ Q" := (P ={E}[E]▷=∗ Q)%I : bi_scope.
Notation "P ={ E }▷=∗ Q" := (P ={E}[E]▷=∗ Q) : stdpp_scope.

For the iterated version, in principle there are 4 masks: "outer" and "inner" of |={Eo}[Ei]▷=>, as well as "begin" and "end" masks E1 and E2 that could potentially differ from Eo. The latter can be obtained from this notation by adding normal mask-changing update modalities: |={E1,Eo}=> |={Eo}[Ei]▷=>^n |={Eo,E2}=> Q
Notation "|={ Eo } [ Ei ]▷=>^ n Q" := (Nat.iter n (λ P, |={Eo}[Ei]▷=> P) Q)%I : bi_scope.
Notation "P ={ Eo } [ Ei ]▷=∗^ n Q" := (P -∗ |={Eo}[Ei]▷=>^n Q)%I : bi_scope.
Notation "P ={ Eo } [ Ei ]▷=∗^ n Q" := (P -∗ |={Eo}[Ei]▷=>^n Q) : stdpp_scope.

Notation "|={ E }▷=>^ n Q" := (|={E}[E]▷=>^n Q)%I : bi_scope.
Notation "P ={ E }▷=∗^ n Q" := (P ={E}[E]▷=∗^n Q)%I : bi_scope.
Notation "P ={ E }▷=∗^ n Q" := (P ={E}[E]▷=∗^n Q) : stdpp_scope.

Bundled versions
Record BiBUpdMixin (PROP : bi) `(BUpd PROP) := {
  bi_bupd_mixin_bupd_ne : NonExpansive (bupd (PROP:=PROP));
  bi_bupd_mixin_bupd_intro (P : PROP) : P |==> P;
  bi_bupd_mixin_bupd_mono (P Q : PROP) : (P Q) (|==> P) |==> Q;
  bi_bupd_mixin_bupd_trans (P : PROP) : (|==> |==> P) |==> P;
  bi_bupd_mixin_bupd_frame_r (P R : PROP) : (|==> P) R |==> P R;
}.

Record BiFUpdMixin (PROP : bi) `(FUpd PROP) := {
  bi_fupd_mixin_fupd_ne E1 E2 :
    NonExpansive (fupd (PROP:=PROP) E1 E2);
  bi_fupd_mixin_fupd_mask_subseteq E1 E2 :
    E2 E1 ⊢@{PROP} |={E1,E2}=> |={E2,E1}=> emp;
  bi_fupd_mixin_except_0_fupd E1 E2 (P : PROP) :
     (|={E1,E2}=> P) |={E1,E2}=> P;
  bi_fupd_mixin_fupd_mono E1 E2 (P Q : PROP) :
    (P Q) (|={E1,E2}=> P) |={E1,E2}=> Q;
  bi_fupd_mixin_fupd_trans E1 E2 E3 (P : PROP) :
    (|={E1,E2}=> |={E2,E3}=> P) |={E1,E3}=> P;
  bi_fupd_mixin_fupd_mask_frame_r' E1 E2 Ef (P : PROP) :
    E1 ## Ef (|={E1,E2}=> E2 ## Ef P) |={E1 Ef,E2 Ef}=> P;
  bi_fupd_mixin_fupd_frame_r E1 E2 (P R : PROP) :
    (|={E1,E2}=> P) R |={E1,E2}=> P R;
}.

Class BiBUpd (PROP : bi) := {
  #[global] bi_bupd_bupd :: BUpd PROP;
  bi_bupd_mixin : BiBUpdMixin PROP bi_bupd_bupd;
}.
Global Hint Mode BiBUpd ! : typeclass_instances.
Global Arguments bi_bupd_bupd : simpl never.

Class BiFUpd (PROP : bi) := {
  #[global] bi_fupd_fupd :: FUpd PROP;
  bi_fupd_mixin : BiFUpdMixin PROP bi_fupd_fupd;
}.
Global Hint Mode BiFUpd ! : typeclass_instances.
Global Arguments bi_fupd_fupd : simpl never.

Class BiBUpdFUpd (PROP : bi) `{BiBUpd PROP, BiFUpd PROP} :=
  bupd_fupd E (P : PROP) : (|==> P) |={E}=> P.
Global Hint Mode BiBUpdFUpd ! - - : typeclass_instances.

Class BiBUpdPlainly (PROP : bi) `{!BiBUpd PROP, !BiPlainly PROP} :=
  bupd_plainly (P : PROP) : (|==> P) P.
Global Hint Mode BiBUpdPlainly ! - - : typeclass_instances.

These rules for the interaction between the and |={E1,E2 modalities only make sense for affine logics. From the axioms below, one could derive P ={E}=∗ P (see the lemma fupd_plainly_elim), which in turn gives True ={E}=∗ emp.
Class BiFUpdPlainly (PROP : bi) `{!BiFUpd PROP, !BiPlainly PROP} := {
  
When proving a fancy update of a plain proposition, you can also prove it while being allowed to open all invariants.
A strong eliminator (a la modus ponens) for the wand-fancy-update with a plain conclusion: We eliminate R ={E}=∗ P by supplying an R, but we get to keep the R.
  fupd_plainly_keep_l E (P R : PROP) :
    (R ={E}=∗ P) R |={E}=> P R;
  
Later "almost" commutes with fancy updates over plain propositions. It commutes "almost" because of the ◇ modality, which is needed in the definition of fancy updates so one can remove laters of timeless propositions.
Forall quantifiers commute with fancy updates over plain propositions.
  fupd_plainly_forall_2 E {A} (Φ : A PROP) :
    ( x, |={E}=> Φ x) |={E}=> x, Φ x
}.
Global Hint Mode BiBUpdFUpd ! - - : typeclass_instances.

Section bupd_laws.
  Context {PROP : bi} `{!BiBUpd PROP}.
  Implicit Types P : PROP.

  Global Instance bupd_ne : NonExpansive (@bupd PROP _).
  Proof. eapply bi_bupd_mixin_bupd_ne, bi_bupd_mixin. Qed.
  Lemma bupd_intro P : P |==> P.
  Proof. eapply bi_bupd_mixin_bupd_intro, bi_bupd_mixin. Qed.
  Lemma bupd_mono (P Q : PROP) : (P Q) (|==> P) |==> Q.
  Proof. eapply bi_bupd_mixin_bupd_mono, bi_bupd_mixin. Qed.
  Lemma bupd_trans (P : PROP) : (|==> |==> P) |==> P.
  Proof. eapply bi_bupd_mixin_bupd_trans, bi_bupd_mixin. Qed.
  Lemma bupd_frame_r (P R : PROP) : (|==> P) R |==> P R.
  Proof. eapply bi_bupd_mixin_bupd_frame_r, bi_bupd_mixin. Qed.
End bupd_laws.

Section fupd_laws.
  Context {PROP : bi} `{!BiFUpd PROP}.
  Implicit Types P : PROP.

  Global Instance fupd_ne E1 E2 : NonExpansive (@fupd PROP _ E1 E2).
  Proof. eapply bi_fupd_mixin_fupd_ne, bi_fupd_mixin. Qed.
iMod with this lemma is useful to change the current mask to a subset, and obtain a fupd for changing it back. For the case where you want to get rid of a mask-changing fupd in the goal, iApply fupd_mask_intro avoids having to specify the mask.
  Lemma fupd_mask_subseteq {E1} E2 : E2 E1 ⊢@{PROP} |={E1,E2}=> |={E2,E1}=> emp.
  Proof. eapply bi_fupd_mixin_fupd_mask_subseteq, bi_fupd_mixin. Qed.
  Lemma except_0_fupd E1 E2 (P : PROP) : (|={E1,E2}=> P) |={E1,E2}=> P.
  Proof. eapply bi_fupd_mixin_except_0_fupd, bi_fupd_mixin. Qed.
  Lemma fupd_mono E1 E2 (P Q : PROP) : (P Q) (|={E1,E2}=> P) |={E1,E2}=> Q.
  Proof. eapply bi_fupd_mixin_fupd_mono, bi_fupd_mixin. Qed.
  Lemma fupd_trans E1 E2 E3 (P : PROP) : (|={E1,E2}=> |={E2,E3}=> P) |={E1,E3}=> P.
  Proof. eapply bi_fupd_mixin_fupd_trans, bi_fupd_mixin. Qed.
  Lemma fupd_mask_frame_r' E1 E2 Ef (P : PROP) :
    E1 ## Ef (|={E1,E2}=> E2 ## Ef P) |={E1 Ef,E2 Ef}=> P.
  Proof. eapply bi_fupd_mixin_fupd_mask_frame_r', bi_fupd_mixin. Qed.
  Lemma fupd_frame_r E1 E2 (P R : PROP) : (|={E1,E2}=> P) R |={E1,E2}=> P R.
  Proof. eapply bi_fupd_mixin_fupd_frame_r, bi_fupd_mixin. Qed.
End fupd_laws.

Section bupd_derived.
  Context {PROP : bi} `{!BiBUpd PROP}.
  Implicit Types P Q R : PROP.

  Global Instance bupd_proper :
    Proper ((≡) ==> (≡)) (bupd (PROP:=PROP)) := ne_proper _.

BUpd derived rules
  Global Instance bupd_mono' : Proper ((⊢) ==> (⊢)) (bupd (PROP:=PROP)).
  Proof. intros P Q; apply bupd_mono. Qed.
  Global Instance bupd_flip_mono' : Proper (flip (⊢) ==> flip (⊢)) (bupd (PROP:=PROP)).
  Proof. intros P Q; apply bupd_mono. Qed.

  Lemma bupd_frame_l R Q : (R |==> Q) |==> R Q.
  Proof. rewrite !(comm _ R); apply bupd_frame_r. Qed.
  Lemma bupd_wand_l P Q : (P -∗ Q) (|==> P) |==> Q.
  Proof. by rewrite bupd_frame_l wand_elim_l. Qed.
  Lemma bupd_wand_r P Q : (|==> P) (P -∗ Q) |==> Q.
  Proof. by rewrite bupd_frame_r wand_elim_r. Qed.
  Lemma bupd_sep P Q : (|==> P) (|==> Q) |==> P Q.
  Proof. by rewrite bupd_frame_r bupd_frame_l bupd_trans. Qed.
  Lemma bupd_idemp P : (|==> |==> P) ⊣⊢ |==> P.
  Proof.
    apply: anti_symm.
    - apply bupd_trans.
    - apply bupd_intro.
  Qed.

  Global Instance bupd_sep_homomorphism :
    MonoidHomomorphism bi_sep bi_sep (flip (⊢)) (bupd (PROP:=PROP)).
  Proof. split; [split|]; try apply _; [apply bupd_sep | apply bupd_intro]. Qed.

  Lemma bupd_or P Q : (|==> P) (|==> Q) |==> (P Q).
  Proof. apply or_elim; apply bupd_mono; [ apply or_intro_l | apply or_intro_r ]. Qed.

  Global Instance bupd_or_homomorphism :
    MonoidHomomorphism bi_or bi_or (flip (⊢)) (bupd (PROP:=PROP)).
  Proof. split; [split|]; try apply _; [apply bupd_or | apply bupd_intro]. Qed.

  Lemma bupd_and P Q : (|==> (P Q)) (|==> P) (|==> Q).
  Proof. apply and_intro; apply bupd_mono; [apply and_elim_l | apply and_elim_r]. Qed.

  Lemma bupd_exist A (Φ : A PROP) : ( x : A, |==> Φ x) |==> x : A, Φ x.
  Proof. apply exist_elima. by rewrite -(exist_intro a). Qed.

  Lemma bupd_forall A (Φ : A PROP) : (|==> x : A, Φ x) x : A, |==> Φ x.
  Proof. apply forall_introa. by rewrite -(forall_elim a). Qed.

  Lemma big_sepL_bupd {A} (Φ : nat A PROP) l :
    ([∗ list] kx l, |==> Φ k x) |==> [∗ list] kx l, Φ k x.
  Proof. by rewrite (big_opL_commute _). Qed.
  Lemma big_sepM_bupd {A} `{Countable K} (Φ : K A PROP) l :
    ([∗ map] kx l, |==> Φ k x) |==> [∗ map] kx l, Φ k x.
  Proof. by rewrite (big_opM_commute _). Qed.
  Lemma big_sepS_bupd `{Countable A} (Φ : A PROP) l :
    ([∗ set] x l, |==> Φ x) |==> [∗ set] x l, Φ x.
  Proof. by rewrite (big_opS_commute _). Qed.
  Lemma big_sepMS_bupd `{Countable A} (Φ : A PROP) l :
    ([∗ mset] x l, |==> Φ x) |==> [∗ mset] x l, Φ x.
  Proof. by rewrite (big_opMS_commute _). Qed.

  Lemma except_0_bupd P : (|==> P) (|==> P).
  Proof.
    rewrite /bi_except_0. apply or_elim; eauto using bupd_mono, or_intro_r.
    by rewrite -bupd_intro -or_intro_l.
  Qed.

  Global Instance bupd_absorbing P :
    Absorbing P Absorbing (|==> P).
  Proof. rewrite /Absorbing /bi_absorbingly bupd_frame_l =>-> //. Qed.

  Section bupd_plainly.
    Context `{!BiPlainly PROP, !BiBUpdPlainly PROP}.

    Lemma bupd_elim P `{!Plain P} : (|==> P) P.
    Proof. by rewrite {1}(plain P) bupd_plainly. Qed.

    Lemma bupd_plain_forall {A} (Φ : A PROP) `{ x, Plain (Φ x)} :
      (|==> x, Φ x) ⊣⊢ ( x, |==> Φ x).
    Proof.
      apply (anti_symm _).
      - apply bupd_forall.
      - rewrite -bupd_intro. apply forall_introx.
        by rewrite (forall_elim x) bupd_elim.
    Qed.

    Global Instance bupd_plain P : Plain P Plain (|==> P).
    Proof.
      intros. rewrite /Plain. rewrite {1}(plain P) {1}bupd_elim.
      by rewrite -bupd_intro.
    Qed.

  End bupd_plainly.
End bupd_derived.

Section fupd_derived.
  Context {PROP : bi} `{!BiFUpd PROP}.
  Implicit Types P Q R : PROP.

  Global Instance fupd_proper E1 E2 :
    Proper ((≡) ==> (≡)) (fupd (PROP:=PROP) E1 E2) := ne_proper _.

FUpd derived rules
  Global Instance fupd_mono' E1 E2 : Proper ((⊢) ==> (⊢)) (fupd (PROP:=PROP) E1 E2).
  Proof. intros P Q; apply fupd_mono. Qed.
  Global Instance fupd_flip_mono' E1 E2 :
    Proper (flip (⊢) ==> flip (⊢)) (fupd (PROP:=PROP) E1 E2).
  Proof. intros P Q; apply fupd_mono. Qed.

  Lemma fupd_mask_intro_subseteq E1 E2 P :
    E2 E1 P |={E1,E2}=> |={E2,E1}=> P.
  Proof.
    intros HE.
    apply wand_entails', wand_intro_r.
    rewrite fupd_mask_subseteq; last exact: HE.
    rewrite !fupd_frame_r. rewrite left_id. done.
  Qed.
  Lemma fupd_intro E P : P |={E}=> P.
  Proof. by rewrite {1}(fupd_mask_intro_subseteq E E P) // fupd_trans. Qed.
  Lemma fupd_except_0 E1 E2 P : (|={E1,E2}=> P) |={E1,E2}=> P.
  Proof. by rewrite {1}(fupd_intro E2 P) except_0_fupd fupd_trans. Qed.
  Lemma fupd_idemp E P : (|={E}=> |={E}=> P) ⊣⊢ |={E}=> P.
  Proof.
    apply: anti_symm.
    - apply fupd_trans.
    - apply fupd_intro.
  Qed.

Weaken the first mask of the goal from E1 to E2. This lemma is intended to be iApplyed. However, usually you can iMod (fupd_mask_subseteq E2) instead and that will be slightly more convenient.
  Lemma fupd_mask_weaken {E1} E2 {E3 P} :
    E2 E1
    ((|={E2,E1}=> emp) ={E2,E3}=∗ P) |={E1,E3}=> P.
  Proof.
    intros HE.
    apply wand_entails', wand_intro_r.
    rewrite {1}(fupd_mask_subseteq E2) //.
    rewrite fupd_frame_r. by rewrite wand_elim_r fupd_trans.
  Qed.

Introduction lemma for a mask-changing fupd. This lemma is intended to be iApplyed.
  Lemma fupd_mask_intro E1 E2 P :
    E2 E1
    ((|={E2,E1}=> emp) -∗ P) |={E1,E2}=> P.
  Proof.
    intros. etrans; [|by apply fupd_mask_weaken]. by rewrite -fupd_intro.
  Qed.

  Lemma fupd_mask_intro_discard E1 E2 P `{!Absorbing P} :
    E2 E1 P |={E1,E2}=> P.
  Proof.
    intros. etrans; [|by apply fupd_mask_intro].
    apply wand_intro_r. rewrite sep_elim_l. done.
  Qed.

  Lemma fupd_frame_l E1 E2 R Q : (R |={E1,E2}=> Q) |={E1,E2}=> R Q.
  Proof. rewrite !(comm _ R); apply fupd_frame_r. Qed.
  Lemma fupd_wand_l E1 E2 P Q : (P -∗ Q) (|={E1,E2}=> P) |={E1,E2}=> Q.
  Proof. by rewrite fupd_frame_l wand_elim_l. Qed.
  Lemma fupd_wand_r E1 E2 P Q : (|={E1,E2}=> P) (P -∗ Q) |={E1,E2}=> Q.
  Proof. by rewrite fupd_frame_r wand_elim_r. Qed.

  Global Instance fupd_absorbing E1 E2 P :
    Absorbing P Absorbing (|={E1,E2}=> P).
  Proof. rewrite /Absorbing /bi_absorbingly fupd_frame_l =>-> //. Qed.

  Lemma fupd_trans_frame E1 E2 E3 P Q :
    ((Q ={E2,E3}=∗ emp) |={E1,E2}=> (Q P)) |={E1,E3}=> P.
  Proof.
    rewrite fupd_frame_l assoc -(comm _ Q) wand_elim_r.
    by rewrite fupd_frame_r left_id fupd_trans.
  Qed.

  Lemma fupd_elim E1 E2 E3 P Q :
    (Q (|={E2,E3}=> P)) (|={E1,E2}=> Q) (|={E1,E3}=> P).
  Proof. intros →. rewrite fupd_trans //. Qed.

  Lemma fupd_mask_frame_r E1 E2 Ef P :
    E1 ## Ef (|={E1,E2}=> P) |={E1 Ef,E2 Ef}=> P.
  Proof.
    intros ?. rewrite -fupd_mask_frame_r' //. f_equiv.
    apply impl_intro_l, and_elim_r.
  Qed.
  Lemma fupd_mask_mono E1 E2 P : E1 E2 (|={E1}=> P) |={E2}=> P.
  Proof.
    intros (Ef&->&?)%subseteq_disjoint_union_L. by apply fupd_mask_frame_r.
  Qed.
How to apply an arbitrary mask-changing view shift when having an arbitrary mask.
  Lemma fupd_mask_frame E E' E1 E2 P :
    E1 E
    (|={E1,E2}=> |={E2 (E E1),E'}=> P) (|={E,E'}=> P).
  Proof.
    intros ?. rewrite (fupd_mask_frame_r _ _ (E E1)); last set_solver.
    rewrite fupd_trans.
    by replace (E1 E E1) with E by (by apply union_difference_L).
  Qed.
  Lemma fupd_mask_frame_acc E E' E1 E2 P Q :
    E1 E
    (|={E1,E1E2}=> Q) -∗
    (Q -∗ |={EE2,E'}=> ( R, (|={E1E2,E1}=> R) -∗ |={EE2,E}=> R) -∗ P) -∗
    (|={E,E'}=> P).
  Proof.
    intros HE. apply entails_wand, wand_intro_r. rewrite fupd_frame_r.
    rewrite wand_elim_r. clear Q.
    rewrite -(fupd_mask_frame E E'); first apply fupd_mono; last done.
    rewrite -[X in (X _)](right_id emp%I).
    rewrite (fupd_mask_intro_subseteq (E1 E2 E E1) (E E2) emp); last first.
    { rewrite {1}(union_difference_L _ _ HE). set_solver. }
    rewrite fupd_frame_l fupd_frame_r. apply fupd_elim.
    apply fupd_mono.
    eapply wand_apply;
      last (apply sep_mono; first reflexivity); first reflexivity.
    apply forall_introR. apply wand_intro_r.
    rewrite fupd_frame_r. apply fupd_elim. rewrite left_id.
    rewrite (fupd_mask_frame_r _ _ (E E1)); last set_solver+.
    rewrite {4}(union_difference_L _ _ HE). done.
  Qed.

  Lemma fupd_mask_subseteq_emptyset_difference E1 E2 :
    E2 E1
    ⊢@{PROP} |={E1, E2}=> |={, E1E2}=> emp.
  Proof.
    intros ?. rewrite [in fupd E1](union_difference_L E2 E1); [|done].
    rewrite (comm_L (∪))
      -[X in fupd _ X](left_id_L (∪) E2) -fupd_mask_frame_r; [|set_solver+].
    apply fupd_mask_intro_subseteq; set_solver.
  Qed.

  Lemma fupd_or E1 E2 P Q :
    (|={E1,E2}=> P) (|={E1,E2}=> Q) ⊢@{PROP}
    (|={E1,E2}=> (P Q)).
  Proof. apply or_elim; apply fupd_mono; [ apply or_intro_l | apply or_intro_r ]. Qed.

  Global Instance fupd_or_homomorphism E :
    MonoidHomomorphism bi_or bi_or (flip (⊢)) (fupd (PROP:=PROP) E E).
  Proof. split; [split|]; try apply _; [apply fupd_or | apply fupd_intro]. Qed.

  Lemma fupd_and E1 E2 P Q :
    (|={E1,E2}=> (P Q)) ⊢@{PROP} (|={E1,E2}=> P) (|={E1,E2}=> Q).
  Proof. apply and_intro; apply fupd_mono; [apply and_elim_l | apply and_elim_r]. Qed.

  Lemma fupd_exist E1 E2 A (Φ : A PROP) : ( x : A, |={E1, E2}=> Φ x) |={E1, E2}=> x : A, Φ x.
  Proof. apply exist_elima. by rewrite -(exist_intro a). Qed.

  Lemma fupd_forall E1 E2 A (Φ : A PROP) : (|={E1, E2}=> x : A, Φ x) x : A, |={E1, E2}=> Φ x.
  Proof. apply forall_introa. by rewrite -(forall_elim a). Qed.

  Lemma fupd_sep E P Q : (|={E}=> P) (|={E}=> Q) |={E}=> P Q.
  Proof. by rewrite fupd_frame_r fupd_frame_l fupd_trans. Qed.

  Global Instance fupd_sep_homomorphism E :
    MonoidHomomorphism bi_sep bi_sep (flip (⊢)) (fupd (PROP:=PROP) E E).
  Proof. split; [split|]; try apply _; [apply fupd_sep | apply fupd_intro]. Qed.

  Lemma big_sepL_fupd {A} E (Φ : nat A PROP) l :
    ([∗ list] kx l, |={E}=> Φ k x) |={E}=> [∗ list] kx l, Φ k x.
  Proof. by rewrite (big_opL_commute _). Qed.
  Lemma big_sepL2_fupd {A B} E (Φ : nat A B PROP) l1 l2 :
    ([∗ list] kx;y l1;l2, |={E}=> Φ k x y) |={E}=> [∗ list] kx;y l1;l2, Φ k x y.
  Proof.
    rewrite !big_sepL2_alt !persistent_and_affinely_sep_l.
    etrans; [| by apply fupd_frame_l]. apply sep_mono_r. apply big_sepL_fupd.
  Qed.

  Lemma big_sepM_fupd `{Countable K} {A} E (Φ : K A PROP) m :
    ([∗ map] kx m, |={E}=> Φ k x) |={E}=> [∗ map] kx m, Φ k x.
  Proof. by rewrite (big_opM_commute _). Qed.
  Lemma big_sepS_fupd `{Countable A} E (Φ : A PROP) X :
    ([∗ set] x X, |={E}=> Φ x) |={E}=> [∗ set] x X, Φ x.
  Proof. by rewrite (big_opS_commute _). Qed.
  Lemma big_sepMS_fupd `{Countable A} E (Φ : A PROP) l :
    ([∗ mset] x l, |={E}=> Φ x) |={E}=> [∗ mset] x l, Φ x.
  Proof. by rewrite (big_opMS_commute _). Qed.

Fancy updates that take a step derived rules.
  Lemma step_fupd_wand Eo Ei P Q : (|={Eo}[Ei]▷=> P) -∗ (P -∗ Q) -∗ |={Eo}[Ei]▷=> Q.
  Proof.
    apply entails_wand, wand_intro_l.
    by rewrite (later_intro (P -∗ Q)) fupd_frame_l -later_sep fupd_frame_l
               wand_elim_l.
  Qed.

  Lemma step_fupd_mask_frame_r Eo Ei Ef P :
    Eo ## Ef Ei ## Ef (|={Eo}[Ei]▷=> P) |={Eo Ef}[Ei Ef]▷=> P.
  Proof.
    intros. rewrite -fupd_mask_frame_r //. do 2 f_equiv. by apply fupd_mask_frame_r.
  Qed.

  Lemma step_fupd_mask_mono Eo1 Eo2 Ei1 Ei2 P :
    Ei2 Ei1 Eo1 Eo2 (|={Eo1}[Ei1]▷=> P) |={Eo2}[Ei2]▷=> P.
  Proof.
    intros ??. rewrite -(emp_sep (|={Eo1}[Ei1]▷=> P)%I).
    rewrite (fupd_mask_intro_subseteq Eo2 Eo1 emp) //.
    rewrite fupd_frame_r -(fupd_trans Eo2 Eo1 Ei2). f_equiv.
    rewrite fupd_frame_l -(fupd_trans Eo1 Ei1 Ei2). f_equiv.
    rewrite (fupd_mask_intro_subseteq Ei1 Ei2 (|={_,_}=> emp)) //.
    rewrite fupd_frame_r. f_equiv.
    rewrite [X in (X _)%I]later_intro -later_sep. f_equiv.
    rewrite fupd_frame_r -(fupd_trans Ei2 Ei1 Eo2). f_equiv.
    rewrite fupd_frame_l -(fupd_trans Ei1 Eo1 Eo2). f_equiv.
    by rewrite fupd_frame_r left_id.
  Qed.

  Lemma step_fupd_intro Ei Eo P : Ei Eo P |={Eo}[Ei]▷=> P.
  Proof. intros. by rewrite -(step_fupd_mask_mono Ei _ Ei _) // -!fupd_intro. Qed.

  Lemma step_fupd_frame_l Eo Ei R Q :
    (R |={Eo}[Ei]▷=> Q) |={Eo}[Ei]▷=> (R Q).
  Proof.
    rewrite fupd_frame_l.
    apply fupd_mono.
    rewrite [P in P _ _](later_intro R) -later_sep fupd_frame_l.
    by apply later_mono, fupd_mono.
  Qed.

  Lemma step_fupd_fupd Eo Ei P : (|={Eo}[Ei]▷=> P) ⊣⊢ (|={Eo}[Ei]▷=> |={Eo}=> P).
  Proof.
    apply (anti_symm (⊢)).
    - by rewrite -fupd_intro.
    - by rewrite fupd_trans.
  Qed.

  Lemma step_fupdN_mono Eo Ei n P Q :
    (P Q) (|={Eo}[Ei]▷=>^n P) (|={Eo}[Ei]▷=>^n Q).
  Proof.
    intros HPQ. induction n as [|n IH]=> //=. rewrite IH //.
  Qed.

  Lemma step_fupdN_wand Eo Ei n P Q :
    (|={Eo}[Ei]▷=>^n P) -∗ (P -∗ Q) -∗ (|={Eo}[Ei]▷=>^n Q).
  Proof.
    apply entails_wand, wand_intro_l. induction n as [|n IH]=> /=.
    { by rewrite wand_elim_l. }
    rewrite -IH -fupd_frame_l later_sep -fupd_frame_l.
    by apply sep_mono; first apply later_intro.
  Qed.

  Lemma step_fupdN_intro Ei Eo n P : Ei Eo ▷^n P |={Eo}[Ei]▷=>^n P.
  Proof.
    induction n as [|n IH]=> ?; [done|].
    rewrite /= -step_fupd_intro; [|done]. by rewrite IH.
  Qed.

  Lemma step_fupdN_S_fupd n E P :
    (|={E}[]▷=>^(S n) P) ⊣⊢ (|={E}[]▷=>^(S n) |={E}=> P).
  Proof.
    apply (anti_symm (⊢)); rewrite !Nat.iter_succ_r; apply step_fupdN_mono;
      rewrite -step_fupd_fupd //.
  Qed.

  Lemma step_fupdN_frame_l Eo Ei n R Q :
    (R |={Eo}[Ei]▷=>^n Q) |={Eo}[Ei]▷=>^n (R Q).
  Proof.
    induction n as [|n IH]; simpl; [done|].
    rewrite step_fupd_frame_l IH //=.
  Qed.

  Lemma step_fupdN_add n m Eo Ei P :
    (|={Eo}[Ei]▷=>^(n+m) P) ⊣⊢ (|={Eo}[Ei]▷=>^n |={Eo}[Ei]▷=>^m P).
  Proof.
    induction n as [ | n IH]; simpl; [done | by rewrite IH].
  Qed.

The sidecondition Ei Eo is needed because for n = 0, this lemma introduces updates in the same way as step_fupdN_intro (in fact, for n = 0 it is essentially step_fupdN_intro, modulo laters).
  Lemma step_fupdN_le n m Eo Ei P :
    n m Ei Eo (|={Eo}[Ei]▷=>^n P) (|={Eo}[Ei]▷=>^m P).
  Proof.
    intros ??. replace m with ((m - n) + n) by lia.
    rewrite step_fupdN_add.
    rewrite -(step_fupdN_intro _ _ (m - n)); last done.
    by rewrite -laterN_intro.
  Qed.

  Section fupd_plainly_derived.
    Context `{!BiPlainly PROP, !BiFUpdPlainly PROP}.

    Lemma fupd_plainly_mask E E' P : (|={E,E'}=> P) |={E}=> P.
    Proof.
      rewrite -(fupd_plainly_mask_empty).
      apply fupd_elim, (fupd_mask_intro_discard _ _ _). set_solver.
    Qed.

    Lemma fupd_plainly_elim E P : P |={E}=> P.
    Proof. by rewrite (fupd_intro E ( P)) fupd_plainly_mask. Qed.

    Lemma fupd_plainly_keep_r E P R : R (R ={E}=∗ P) |={E}=> R P.
    Proof. by rewrite !(comm _ R) fupd_plainly_keep_l. Qed.

    Lemma fupd_plain_mask_empty E P `{!Plain P} : (|={E,}=> P) |={E}=> P.
    Proof. by rewrite {1}(plain P) fupd_plainly_mask_empty. Qed.
    Lemma fupd_plain_mask E E' P `{!Plain P} : (|={E,E'}=> P) |={E}=> P.
    Proof. by rewrite {1}(plain P) fupd_plainly_mask. Qed.

    Lemma fupd_plain_keep_l E P R `{!Plain P} : (R ={E}=∗ P) R |={E}=> P R.
    Proof. by rewrite {1}(plain P) fupd_plainly_keep_l. Qed.
    Lemma fupd_plain_keep_r E P R `{!Plain P} : R (R ={E}=∗ P) |={E}=> R P.
    Proof. by rewrite {1}(plain P) fupd_plainly_keep_r. Qed.

    Lemma fupd_plainly_laterN E n P : (▷^n |={E}=> P) |={E}=> ▷^n P.
    Proof.
      revert P. induction n as [|n IH]=> P /=.
      { by rewrite -except_0_intro (fupd_plainly_elim E) fupd_trans. }
      rewrite -!later_laterN !laterN_later.
      rewrite -plainly_idemp fupd_plainly_later.
      by rewrite except_0_plainly_1 later_plainly_1 IH except_0_later.
    Qed.
    Lemma fupd_plain_later E P `{!Plain P} : ( |={E}=> P) |={E}=> P.
    Proof. by rewrite {1}(plain P) fupd_plainly_later. Qed.
    Lemma fupd_plain_laterN E n P `{!Plain P} : (▷^n |={E}=> P) |={E}=> ▷^n P.
    Proof. by rewrite {1}(plain P) fupd_plainly_laterN. Qed.

    Lemma fupd_plain_forall_2 E {A} (Φ : A PROP) `{!∀ x, Plain (Φ x)} :
      ( x, |={E}=> Φ x) |={E}=> x, Φ x.
    Proof.
      rewrite -fupd_plainly_forall_2. apply forall_monox.
      by rewrite {1}(plain (Φ _)).
    Qed.
    Lemma fupd_plain_forall E1 E2 {A} (Φ : A PROP) `{!∀ x, Plain (Φ x)} :
      E2 E1
      (|={E1,E2}=> x, Φ x) ⊣⊢ ( x, |={E1,E2}=> Φ x).
    Proof.
      intros. apply (anti_symm _); first apply fupd_forall.
      trans ( x, |={E1}=> Φ x)%I.
      { apply forall_monox. by rewrite fupd_plain_mask. }
      rewrite fupd_plain_forall_2. apply fupd_elim.
      rewrite {1}(plain ( x, Φ x)) (fupd_mask_intro_discard E1 E2 ( _)) //.
      apply fupd_elim. by rewrite fupd_plainly_elim.
    Qed.
    Lemma fupd_plain_forall' E {A} (Φ : A PROP) `{!∀ x, Plain (Φ x)} :
      (|={E}=> x, Φ x) ⊣⊢ ( x, |={E}=> Φ x).
    Proof. by apply fupd_plain_forall. Qed.

    Lemma step_fupd_plain Eo Ei P `{!Plain P} : (|={Eo}[Ei]▷=> P) |={Eo}=> P.
    Proof.
      rewrite -(fupd_plain_mask _ Ei ( P)).
      apply fupd_elim. by rewrite fupd_plain_mask -fupd_plain_later.
    Qed.

    Lemma step_fupdN_plain Eo Ei n P `{!Plain P} : (|={Eo}[Ei]▷=>^n P) |={Eo}=> ▷^n P.
    Proof.
      induction n as [|n IH].
      - by rewrite -fupd_intro -except_0_intro.
      - rewrite Nat.iter_succ step_fupd_fupd IH !fupd_trans step_fupd_plain.
        apply fupd_mono. destruct n as [|n]; simpl.
        × by rewrite except_0_idemp.
        × by rewrite except_0_later.
    Qed.

    Lemma step_fupd_plain_forall Eo Ei {A} (Φ : A PROP) `{!∀ x, Plain (Φ x)} :
      Ei Eo
      (|={Eo}[Ei]▷=> x, Φ x) ⊣⊢ ( x, |={Eo}[Ei]▷=> Φ x).
    Proof.
      intros. apply (anti_symm _).
      { apply forall_introx. by rewrite (forall_elim x). }
      trans ( x, |={Eo}=> Φ x)%I.
      { apply forall_monox. by rewrite step_fupd_plain. }
      rewrite -fupd_plain_forall'. apply fupd_elim.
      rewrite -(fupd_except_0 Ei Eo) -step_fupd_intro //.
      by rewrite -later_forall -except_0_forall.
    Qed.
  End fupd_plainly_derived.
End fupd_derived.